Development of a family-based preventive intervention for Latinx sexual minority youth and their parents.

OBJECTIVE: Latinx sexual minority youth (LSMY) are disproportionately affected by adverse health outcomes, due to stigma and/or lack of family support. There are currently no family-based interventions for LSMY. This qualitative study describes the development of Familias con Orgullo (Families with Pride), a family-based intervention to prevent/reduce substance use, risky sexual behavior, and depressive symptoms in LSMY. METHOD: Familias con Orgullo was developed using an iterative, user-centered methodology across two study phases. A general inductive approach was used to analyze intervention development individual interviews (N = 24: n = 12 parents, n = 12 LSMY) and post-intervention focus groups (N = 4) to query participants about program components and enhancements to the developed program after delivery. Data were coded into 11 themes representative of program features for LSMY and their families. RESULTS: An intervention would need LSMY information delivered in a safe space and focused on communication, peer pressure, and mental health. Furthermore, participation would be dependent on parental level of acceptance. Informed by participants, we developed an intervention which addresses the multiple ecological levels of LSMY contexts within a cultural lens. Families gave positive feedback and indicated that additional content should focus on sexual health and intrapersonal topics. The intervention was modified and delivered to a new cohort of families; families felt the new intervention promoted inclusiveness; enriched relationships and communication between families; and enhanced lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) knowledge. CONCLUSION: Familias con Orgullo begins to address the significant gap in intervention research with LSMY and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Gender disparities in lung cancer survival from an enriched Florida population-based cancer registry.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have revealed gender disparities in lung cancer survivorship, but comprehensive inclusion of clinical/individual variables which affect outcomes is underreported. We utilized the Florida Data Cancer System (FCDS) to examine associations between gender and lung cancer survivorship while controlling for prognostic variables on a large population-based scale. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the FCDS, linked to Florida Agency for Health Care Administration and US Census Bureau tracts for patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer (n = 165,465) from 1996 to 2007. Primary outcome measures included median survival time and mortality. Multivariable Cox regression models, independent sample T-tests, and descriptive statistics were utilized with significance defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: 165,465 cases were analyzed revealing 44.3% females and 55.7% males. The majority of patients were white/Caucasian, males, middle-high socioeconomic status, lived in urban areas, and geriatric age. Females had longer median survival compared to males (9.6 vs 7.1 months). Multivariable analyses showed that women had better survival after controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and comorbidity covariates. Males had higher risk of mortality than females (aHR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.14-1.19, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals of higher socioeconomic status experienced greater survivorship compared to those of lower socioeconomic status. Women experienced significantly better survival for lung cancer at multiple time frames after controlling for covariates compared to men. Interventions aimed at public education and access to high-quality healthcare are needed to ameliorate socioeconomic and gender-based disparities in lung cancer survivorship. Future studies should investigate gender differences in lung cancer while incorporating individual socioeconomic status and treatment received.

A Retrospective Analysis of Blood Lead Levels in Newly Arrived Immigrant Children, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2013-2016.

OBJECTIVE: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) recommendation for blood lead level (BLL) screening of refugee children is to test new arrivals aged 6 months to 16 years. No such recommendations exist for testing immigrant children. Our objective was to provide evidence in support of creating lower age-specific guidelines for BLL screening for newly arrived immigrant populations to reduce the burden of unnecessary BLL testing. METHODS: We conducted a 3-year (2013-2016) retrospective analysis of BLLs of 1349 newly arrived immigrant children, adolescents, and young adults aged 3-19 who visited the University of Miami Pediatric Mobile Clinic in Miami, Florida. We obtained capillary samples and confirmed values >5 µg/dL via venous sample. The primary outcome was BLL in µg/dL. The main predictor variable was age. We further adjusted regression models by poverty level, sex, and ethnicity. RESULTS: Of 15 patients with a BLL that warranted further workup and a lead level of concern, 9 were aged 3-5 and 6 were aged 6-11. None of the adolescent and young adult patients aged 12-19 had a lead level of concern. Nearly half of the patients (n = 658, 48.8%) lived in zip codes of middle to high levels of poverty. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence to support the creation of lower age-specific guidelines for BLL screening among newly arrived immigrant children and adolescents. Future studies should elucidate appropriate age ranges for BLL testing based on epidemiologic evidence, such as age and country of origin.

Impact of Mindfulness Training on the Well-Being of Educators.

Objective: As awareness of educator stress and burnout is at the forefront of issues faced in the education system, programs are being implemented to focus on the well-being and betterment of educators. Mindfulness is one such practice that has been found to increase wellness and, in many cases, decrease negative outcomes. In this study, the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program were measured in grade-school (K-12) educators. Design: A longitudinal noncontrolled trial of educators who completed baseline and short- and long-term postintervention surveys. Location: Miami-Dade County. Subjects: Two hundred thirty-six educators who worked in K-12 public and private schools. Intervention: An 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program. Outcome measures: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) for measuring physical and mental health functionality. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis of the short-term cohort data yielded statistically significant improvements in mindfulness, self-compassion, and personal accomplishment and decreases in isolation, anxiety, fatigue, and emotional exhaustion. In the long-term cohort, repeated measures regression showed self-compassion and mindfulness continued to improve significantly, whereas negative outcomes of fatigue and sleep disturbance showed statistically significant decreases. Effect sizes were calculated for all the measures, many of which were medium sized, total mindfulness (0.69), self-compassion (0.051), and sleep disturbance (0.49). Conclusion: Findings are consistent with previous literature and support the need for such programs that impact the educator's personal and professional experience.

Propensity-matched analysis of stage-specific efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Contemporary randomized controlled trials exploring adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for bladder cancer (BCa) have yielded inconsistent results due to premature termination and/or poor patient accrual. OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of AC vs. observation after radical cystectomy stratified by disease stage in a propensity-matched cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a retrospective study that included patients who underwent radical cystectomy for any pT, N0-1, M0 BCa from the National Cancer Data Base (2004-2014). Patients who underwent AC were 1:1 propensity matched with patients who received observation only. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Overall survival was assessed with multivariable Cox regression models where adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: After coarsened exact 1:1 propensity matching, 3,066 patients (AC 1,533; observation 1,533) were included in the analysis. There were no significant differences in patient-, facility-, or tumor-level characteristics among cohorts. Compared with patients who underwent observation, recipients of AC had improved overall survival (aHR 0.67; 95% CI 0.61-0.74). Patients with pT2-4, pN1 disease significantly benefited from AC. Among the pN0 cohort, improved survival from AC was observed only in stages pT3 (aHR 0.67; 95% CI 0.55-0.83) and pT4 (aHR 0.70; 95% CI 0.50-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: AC was associated with improved survival in locally advanced (pT3-4, pN0) and regionally advanced (pT2-4, pN1) chemotherapy-naive BCa.